Electricity is created from other forms of energy via the process of power generation. For electric utilities, it is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. The other processes, such as electric power transmission and electricity distribution, are normally carried out by the electrical power industry.
Electricity is most often generated at a power station by electromechanical generators, primarily driven from heat engines fueled by chemical combustion or nuclear fission, but also by other means, such as the kinetic energy of flowing water (hydropower plants) and wind (wind farms). There are many other technologies that can be and are used to generate electricity such as solar photovoltaic and geothermal power.

Power generation SBU has been established In line with SUNIR Company long-term policies to attract and build power plant projects around the world, in order to pay specific attention to this field.
Power generation SBU has developed a matrix structure to increase reliability and quality of services. It includes a permanent core of qualified and experienced professionals, capable of providing over 10,000 engineering man-hours per year.
Also, Enjoying its external organizational relationships with experienced companies inside and outside of Iran, POWER GENERATION SBU will participate in Joint Venture in many large power plant projects of different types.
Administrative structure of Power Generation SBU consists of two independent units which are called Negotiations and Tenders.
In Negotiations unit, an experienced team in both technical and legal affairs is gathered to monitor the world markets of power plant activities.
Benefitting its prominent relations through its offices in several countries, this unit also provides smaller local companies with commercial services to develop their activities in abroad.
In Tenders unit, an experienced team consists of qualified engineers prepare technical proposals for power plant tenders.
Engineering Departments

Engineering structure of this unit is composed of eight disciplines including process, Mechanic, Piping, Electric, Instrumentation and Control, Civil and Drawing.

Major References
. Construction of Al-Sadir Power Plant Project
Engineering, supply of material & equipment, procurement, construction & first running in all sections of civil, mechanical, electrical works of the 2 x 157.5 MW open cycle gas turbine power station, to be located at Al-Sadir city, in Baghdad, Iraq.
. EPC of the wind farm in Pushkin-Pass
Study, design, supply, installation, test,and commissioning of the wind farm in Armenia. It covers the 4 turbines with the capacity of 2.6 MW in Pushkin-Pass.
. Construction of 2 Small Hydro Power Plants
Engineering, procurement and construction of two small hydro power plants (36 MW total) on Khubi River in Republic of Georgia.

SUNIR’s Outlook on Power Generation
Having more than 51,000 MW installed Power Plant capacity, Iran enjoys a great potential for holding similar Power Plant Projects abroad. In this regard, the role of SUNIR Company, as the export wing of Energy Sector, remains second to none.
SUNIR Company, being represented as General Contractor of Power Generation Projects, has the ability to handle almost all kinds of the Power Plants described in preceding paragraphs. As an example, a prominent on-going project in the rebuilding of Iraq has been the EPC Project of Al-Sadr Single Cycle Gas Power Plant on Turn-Key Basis, with a total capacity of 320 MW.

The accelerating development of global technology has led to the emergence of the power industry as one of the important foundations of the economy. Power transmission technology is the artery of the power industry.
The power transmission elements in transmission lines & substations include cables, steel towers and structures, hardware (such as clamps and warning balls), insulators, OPGW, power transformers and HV, LV, and MV elements. They are required for the transmission technology used to transfer electricity from generation centers to the end users, such as factories, offices, or homes.
The followings are the main advantages of a power transmission network:

1. Avoiding local electricity generation for different zones (such as diesel generation or local power plants) and decreasing the amount of industrial pollution.
2. Increasing the reliability and stability of energy transfer.
3. Monitoring transmission line defects, maximum/minimum level of consumption, peak time, etc. in order to manage the energy market.
4. The possibility of designing a load dispatching center (LDC) for control & monitoring of the network status and implementation of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA)

Secoundary distribution of electricity is considered as “electrification vessel” to the consumers who are demanding more performances in terms of continuous duty, reliability and qulity of the electrical power supply. This is the area where SUNIR shines. Secondary Distribution SBU at SUNIR is strongly committed to the quality, accuracy, and reliability of its services and supplies.

Objectives
• To improve quality of serveices, minimize interruptions, keep good voltage profile
• To save and better control of energy
• To improve efficency of operation, relabiliaty, maximize use of existing equipment, loss reduction
• To provide economical solutions
• System automation

Field of Activity
• Rural Electrification Projects
• Industrial Electrification Projects
• Distribution Network Optimization Projects
• Loss Reduction Projects (Technical / Non-Technical Losses)
• Renovation of Distribution Networks
• Lighting Projects
• Smart Grids

The latest predictions about electrical energy by the International Energy Agency show that the world is facing an 8.2% annual growth in energy consumption. Therefore, all countries are in need of connecting nets and grids to deal with electrical equipments.

Main Forms of Electrical Trade
The main forms of electrical trade involve either cooperation or competition.
The cooperative approach involves dealing with countries affiliated with IEA . In the competitive approach, countries act as regional or other consortiums (such as based on common generating methods).
We are planning to work together with countries sharing borders with Iran; in particular, countries located to the west or east of Iran on account of the lag of sunlight shift time and optimum transmission vis-à-vis peak regional delay.
After entering the international electrical market , SUNIR has been expanding into different fields of trade in the region year by year.
SUNIR is the first in the country and first in the region to start electrical energy trading.
The department in SUNIR which is responsible for trading electrical energy is the Electricity Exchange SBU.
SUNIR has allocated its expert engineers and company knowledge to this job. It has also put substantial effort into maintaining high level community relations and staying abreast of updates.

Nowadays water  shortages combined with the rising demand for water in domestic, agricultural and industrial use have highlighted the importance of water resource management in recent years. Technoligical knowledge of supplying water from the available sources to consumers is one of the most important issue in the world. Using its expertise and valuable experience in the planning and implementation of development of water resources and the possibility of issuing engineering services and related equipment to other countries, SUNIR Company can present the best way to resolve technical and environmental issues in accordance to the customer's and employer's needs.

Water Resources in the World

Researches  indicate that about 1.4 billion cubic kilometers of water (in liquid, solid and vapor form) are available on the planet.  Approximately 97.2% is saltwater (ocean water), and approximately 2.15% is in glaciers and icecaps.  Just 0.65% (equivalent to 8.5 million cubic kilometers) of water remains as drinkable water, from which 0.16% is scattered as vapor in the atmosphere. Therefore, only 0.49% remains as groundwater or running in lakes, rivers and streams.

As a result, the amount of drinking water in comparison to the whole water supply on the earth seems to be a few big drops. Therefore, Engineering Companies in the water field – such as SUNIR Water SBU – share in the revival and play a key mission in most corners of the earth.

The availability of hydrocarbon is vital to many industries and is of importance to the maintenance of industrialized civilization. Therefore, it is of critical concern to many nations. According to the latest studies, oil will account for a large percentage of the world's energy till 2050.
The petroleum industry is involved in the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transportation and marketing. Hydrocarbons are also the raw material for many chemical products including plastics, pharmaceuticals, fertilizers and many more vital products. The importance of Iran in world energy is based on its ranking. It is among the top three holders of proven oil and natural gas reserves in the world. Over a century of experience in oil production, having experienced engineers and technicians and an experienced labor force have highlighted Iran above her neighbors.  
Iran occupies a strategic location in the north of the Persian Gulf. Its geopolitical and geostrategic position offers the safest and most economical route for transporting oil and its byproducts.
Iran not only possesses a great abundance of oil but also natural gas, which has enabled this country to be an exporter of CNG to neighboring countries through a network of pipelines and also LNG to the world market.
At the present time, a network of 26,000 km of pipeline in Iran can export and swap up to 2.3 billion cubic meters to Armenia, 14 billion cubic meters to Turkey, 10 billion cubic meters to Turkmenistan, and 50.5 to 402 billion cubic meters to the Republic of Azerbaijan.
SUNIR, with its group’s great capabilities, can offer its expertise in design, engineering and project management for oil, gas and petrochemical projects in the form of turnkey or GC.

Apart from supplying resources and technical, engineering, and management expertise, SUNIR has provided the necessary basis for supporting and cooperating in equipping and supplying resources by creating the finance SBU.
Supplying financial contracts through domestic resources or exchange loans is called finance. It is performed in two ways:

1. Corporate finance
2. Project finance

Financial resources are divided into two groups:
1. Loaned sources
(World Bank, Islamic Development Bank, finance-credit lines)
2. Non-loaned sources, such as:
• B.O.T. (Build, Operate, Transfer)
• B.O.O.T. (Build, Ownership, Operate, Transfer)
• B.L.T. (Build, Lease, Transfer)
• B.O.O. (Build, Operate, Ownership)
• B.T.O. (Build, Transfer, Operate)
• D.B.F.O. (Design, Build, Finance, Operate)
• M.O.O.T. (Modernize, Operate, Own, Transfer)
• R.O.O. (Rehabilitate, Operate, Own)
• Buy-back: In this category of contracts, the foreign investor/company accepts all investment costs (including purchase, equipment installation, operation and technology transfer) and returns them back to the host country after operation.
• joint ventures: the investor and the one who accepts the investment on a joint venture basis or to establish a business company starts to create, rebuild, modernize, reform and update the business plans; the members participating in this investment will assume the responsibility to finance the whole plan. Repayment to the members of the investment will be from the profit gained from projects operation and is based on joint venture contracts or on the statute of the company.
• Risk taking service contracts: a group of business methods based on which the investor guarantees to supply financial resources needed (based on the outcomes of the business plan). The investor also promises to create, develop, renovate, rebuild, reform and update the said plan. The installments will be paid back by the contractor after the operation of the plan.
• Profit sharing contracts (also known as revenue sharing contracts) are predicated to business methods based on which, the investor guarantees to supply the needed financial resources based on the outcomes of the business plan. He also promises to create, develop, renovate, rebuild, reform and update the said plan. Payback to the investor will be through the investor's sharing in a determined portion of the project productions outcome.
Since after a determined period, the accessories and individual assets are considered the property of the task master, the three former types of the contracts are more accepted and more used among task masters. Some of the qualifications of the finance are as below:

. Low rate and long-term pay back
. Short-term selling of productions with interest
. Repay rate of the investment less than the rate of loan interest
. Risk assessment
By using different financial methods, provisions for domestic and foreign investments are provided. By utilizing foreign investment resources, domestic economic growth can also be facilitated.

Civil works, construction, establish factories, house building, industrial projects, roads and others.

One of main requirements in Power Plants, Power Grids and Water Networks is to supply relevant equipment.  Hence Equipment Trading SBU of Sunir Company has to follow the customers’ requirements all around the world and find the best supplier who meets the needed specifications with the lowest price.

The nature of our activities and responsibilities in Equipment Trading SBU makes us to have a very rich vendor list which is being updated continually.

Needs for electrical and water equipment

Since our mission is supplying the equipment and not performing the entire project, Equipment Trading SBU will be in charge and will contact the appropriate manufactures. SUNIR Equipment Trading SBU can also assist other SBUs when they are engaged in a turn-key project where the procurement should be a part of the job.